OECD country
0 = No
1 = Yes

Mode of Respondent
1 = Paper
2 = Computer

What <grade> are you in? <Grade>
1 = grade 1 (vocational school)
2 = grade 2 (vocational school)
3 = grade 3 (vocational school)
4 = grade 7
5 = grade 8
6 = grade 9
7 = grade 10
8 = grade 11
9 = grade 12
10 = grade 13
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Which one of the following <programmes> are you in?
1 = Lower secondary, some with access to upper secondary (special education)
2 = Lower secondary, some with access to upper secondary; basic general education (exclusively students of the same track)
3 = Lower secondary, access to upper secondary; extensive general education (exclusively students of the same track)
4 = Lower secondary, access to upper secondary; academic education (exclusively students of the same track) + Upper secondar
5 = Lower secondary comprehensive, achievement-based access to upper secondary (within school streaming) + Upper secondary c
6 = Lower secondary comprehensive, no access to upper; basic general education (different tracks taught separately)
7 = Lower secondary comprehensive, access to upper; extensive general education (different tracks taught separately)
8 = Lower secondary comprehensive, access to upper secondary; academic education (different tracks taught separately) + Uppe
9 = Lower secondary, expectedly no access to upper; basic general education (students of different tracks taught together)
10 = Lower secondary, expectedly access to upper; extensive general education (students of different tracks taught together)
11 = Lower secondary, no access to upper; basic general education (students of different tracks taught separately)
12 = Lower secondary, access to upper; extensive general education (students of different tracks taught separately)
13 = Lower secondary with access to upper (Waldorf school) + Upper secondary (Waldorf school [cf. key 16])
14 = Pre-vocational training year upper secondary level
15 = Vocational school upper secondary level
16 = Vocational school
17 = Upper secondary (vocational), qualifying for subject-specific tertiary education
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Schulart Deutschland
1 = Hauptschule
2 = MBG
3 = Gesamtschule (IG)
4 = Realschule
5 = Gymnasium
6 = Berufliche Schulen (BS)
8 = Sonderschule/Foerderschule

Student (Standardized) Birth - Month
1 = January
2 = February
3 = March
4 = April
5 = May
6 = June
7 = July
8 = August
9 = September
10 = October
11 = November
12 = December
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

On what date were you born? Year (zur Anonymisierung geleert (FDZ))
1998 = 1998
1999 = 1999
2000 = 2000
2001 = 2001
2002 = 2002
2003 = 2003
2004 = 2004
2005 = 2005
2006 = 2006
9995 = Valid Skip
9997 = Not Applicable
9998 = Invalid
9999 = No Response

On what date were you born? Year (zur Anonymisierung aggregiert (FDZ))
1999 = 1998-1999
2000 = 2000
2001 = 2001
2002 = 2002
2003 = 2003
2004 = 2004-2006
9995 = Valid Skip
9997 = Not Applicable
9998 = Invalid
9999 = No Response

Student (Standardized) Gender
1 = Female
2 = Male
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

What is the <highest level of schooling> completed by your mother?
1 = ISCED level 3A
2 = ISCED level 3B, 3C
3 = ISCED level 2
4 = ISCED level 2
5 = ISCED level 2
6 = ISCED level 1
7 = Others
8 = She did not complete ISCED level 1
9 = She did not attend school. Schule besucht.
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Does your mother have this qualification? <ISCED level 6> (incl. higher qualifications at level 5A in some countries)
1 = Yes
2 = No
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

What is the <highest level of schooling> completed by your father?
1 = ISCED 3A
2 = ISCED 3B, 3C
3 = ISCED 2
4 = ISCED 2
5 = ISCED 2
6 = ISCED 1
7 = Others
8 = He did not complete ISCED level 1
9 = He did not attend school
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How many in your home: Televisions
1 = None
2 = One
3 = Two
4 = Three or more
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

How many books are there in your home?
1 = 0-10 books
2 = 11-25 books
3 = 26-100 books
4 = 101-200 books
5 = 201-500 books
6 = More than 500 books
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

ISCO-08 Occupation code - Mother
Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers
Plant and machine operators, and assemblers
Chief executives, senior officials and legislators
Science and engineering associate professionals
Building and related trades workers, excluding electricians
Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workers
Metal, machinery and related trades workers
Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers
Production and specialised services managers
Business and administration associate professionals
Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherers
Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport
Hospitality, retail and other services managers
Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals
Electrical and electronic trades workers
Information and communications technology professionals
Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers
Street and related sales and service workers
Legal, social and cultural professionals
Refuse workers and other elementary workers
Physical and earth science professionals
Physical and engineering science technicians
Travel attendants, conductors and guides
Building frame and related trades workers
Mining and mineral processing plant operators
Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers
Business services and administration managers
Tellers, money collectors and related clerks
Sheet and structural metal workers, moulders and welders, and related workers
Production managers in agriculture, forestry and fisheries
University and higher education teachers
Financial and mathematical associate professionals
Locomotive engine drivers and related workers
Legal, social and religious associate professionals
Electrical equipment installers and repairers
Software and applications developers and analysts
Information and communications technology operations and user support technicians
Food processing and related trades workers
Mining, manufacturing and construction supervisors
Building finishers and related trades workers
Metal processing and finishing plant operators
Vehicle, window, laundry and other hand cleaning workers
Sales, marketing and development managers
Nursing and midwifery associate professionals
Blacksmiths, toolmakers and related trades workers
Manufacturing, mining, construction, and distribution managers
Personal care workers in health services
Electronics and telecommunications installers and repairers
Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades workers
Painters, building structure cleaners and related trades workers
Chemical and photographic products plant and machine operators
Traditional and complementary medicine professionals
Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals
Information and communications technology service managers
Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers
Sales, marketing and public relations professionals
Artistic, cultural and culinary associate professionals
Life science technicians and related associate professionals
Hairdressers, beauticians and related workers
Rubber, plastic and paper products machine operators
Primary school and early childhood teachers
Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers
Ship and aircraft controllers and technicians
Textile, fur and leather products machine operators
Architects, planners, surveyors and designers
Food and related products machine operators
Wood processing and papermaking plant operators
Other stationary plant and machine operators
Chemical and physical science technicians
Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians
Agricultural and forestry production managers
Securities and finance dealers and brokers
Information and communications technology operations technicians
Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers
Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press workers
Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters
Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals
Chemical products plant and machine operators
Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers
Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters
Life science technicians (excluding medical)
Mobile farm and forestry plant operators
Cleaning and housekeeping supervisors in offices, hotels and other establishments
Fibre preparing, spinning and winding machine operators
Astrologers, fortune-tellers and related workers
Mineral and stone processing plant operators
Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments
Medical and pathology Labouratory technicians
Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
Aquaculture and fisheries production managers
Statistical, finance and insurance clerks
Railway brake, signal and switch operators
Information and communications technology user support technicians
Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers
Metal finishing, plating and coating machine operators
Advertising and public relations managers
Inland and coastal waters fishery workers
Sports coaches, instructors and officials
Information and communications technology installers and servicers
Librarians and related information professionals
Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers
Incinerator and water treatment plant operators
Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery
Garment and related pattern-makers and cutters
Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals
Medical records and health information technicians
Social beneficiary (unemployed, retired, sickness, etc.)
Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers
Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers
Well drillers and borers and related workers
Coding, proof-reading and related clerks
Electrical line installers and repairers
Computer network and systems technicians
Metal working machine tool setters and operators
Fitness and recreation instructors and program leaders
Woodworking-machine tool setters and operators
Meter readers and vending-machine collectors
Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers
Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT)
Philosophers, historians and political scientists
Crane, hoist and related plant operators
Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages)
Translators, interpreters and other linguists
Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals
Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals
Packing, bottling and labelling machine operators
Senior officials of special-interest organizations
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers
Cement, stone and other mineral products machine operators
Medical and dental prosthetic technicians
Statistical, mathematical and related associate professionals
Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners
Supply, distribution and related managers
Training and staff development professionals
Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operators
Real estate agents and property managers
Information and communications technology sales professionals
Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers
Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine operators
Film, stage and related directors and producers
Vague(a good job, a quiet job, a well paid job, an office job)
Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers
Other artistic and cultural associate professionals
Social work and counselling professionals
Air traffic safety electronics technicians
Fur and leather preparing machine operators
Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers
Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers
Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals
Financial and insurance services branch managers
Shoemaking and related machine operators
Announcers on radio, television and other media
Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials
Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics
Environmental and occupational health inspectors and associates
Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials
Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified
Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified
Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified
Handicraft workers not elsewhere classified
Clerical support workers not elsewhere classified
Protective services workers not elsewhere classified
Software and applications developers and analysts not elsewhere classified
Legal professionals not elsewhere classified
Animal producers not elsewhere classified
Client information workers not elsewhere classified
Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classified
Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified
Database and network professionals not elsewhere classified
Elementary workers not elsewhere classified
Process control technicians not elsewhere classified
Business services agents not elsewhere classified
Services managers not elsewhere classified
Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified
Professional services managers not elsewhere classified
Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified
Textile, fur and leather products machine operators not elsewhere classified
Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified
Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified
Regulatory government associate professionals not elsewhere classified
Creative and performing artists not elsewhere classified
Personal services workers not elsewhere classified
Health professionals not elsewhere classified
Stationary plant and machine operators not elsewhere classified

Is your mother working as an employee or is she self-employed?
1 = Employee (working for someone else)
2 = Self-employed (has her own business, is her own boss)
3 = I don’t know.
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

At her job, does your mother have any formal responsibility for supervising the work of other employees?
1 = 1-10 people
2 = More than 10 people
3 = No
4 = I don’t know.
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Is your father working as an employee or is he self-employed?
1 = Employee (working for someone else)
2 = Self-employed (has his own business, is his own boss)
3 = I don’t know.
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

In what country were you and your parents born? You
1 = Germany
2 = Greece
3 = Italy
4 = Bosnia-Herzegovina
5 = Croatia
6 = Macedonia
7 = Montenegro
8 = Serbia
9 = Slovenia
10 = Poland
11 = Russia, Kazakhstan, or another former sovjet republic
12 = Turkey
13 = Other country
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How old were you when you arrived in <country of test>?
1 = age 0 - 1
2 = age 1
3 = age 2
4 = age 3
5 = age 4
6 = age 5
7 = age 6
8 = age 7
9 = age 8
10 = age 9
11 = age 10
12 = age 11
13 = age 12
14 = age 13
15 = age 14
16 = age 15
17 = age 16
18 = age 17
19 = age 18
20 = age 19
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How old were you when you started <ISCED 0>? Years
1 = 1 year or younger
2 = 2 years
3 = 3 years
4 = 4 years
5 = 5 years
6 = 6 years or older
7 = I did not attend ISCED 0
8 = I do not remember
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How old were you when you started <ISCED 1>? Years
1 = 3 or younger
2 = 4
3 = 5
4 = 6
5 = 7
6 = 8
7 = 9 or older
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Have you ever repeated a <grade>? At <ISCED 1>
1 = No, never
2 = Yes, once
3 = Yes, twice or more
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

What language do you speak at home most of the time?
1 = German
2 = Greek
3 = Italian
4 = Croatian
5 = Polish
6 = Russian
7 = Serbian
8 = Turkish
9 = Kurdish
10 = Other language
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Which language do you usually speak with: My mother
1 = Mostly my heritage language
2 = About equally often my heritage language and test language
3 = Mostly test language
4 = Not applicable - e.g. because heritage language and test language are the same
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

How often during <test language lessons>: Students don't listen to what the teacher says.
1 = Every lesson
2 = Most lessons
3 = Some lessons
4 = Never or hardly ever
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Thinking of past two <test language lessons>: The teacher made me feel confident in my ability to do well in the course.
1 = Strongly disagree
2 = Disagree
3 = Agree
4 = Strongly agree
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

How often in <test language lessons>: The teacher adapts the lesson to my class’s needs and knowledge.
1 = Never or almost never
2 = Some lessons
3 = Many lessons
4 = Every lesson or almost every lesson
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

During the last month, how often did you have to read for school: Texts that include diagrams or maps
1 = Many times
2 = Two or three times
3 = Once
4 = Not at all
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

In your <test language lessons>, how often: The teacher encourages students to express their opinion about a text.
1 = Never or hardly ever
2 = In some lessons
3 = In most lessons
4 = In all lessons
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

<this academic year>, how many pages was the longest piece of text you had to read for your <test language lessons>?
1 = One page or less
2 = Between 2 and 10 pages
3 = Between 11 and 50 pages
4 = Between 51 and 100 pages
5 = Between 101 and 500 pages
6 = More than 500 pages
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How often do you read these materials because you want to? Magazines
1 = Never or almost never
2 = A few times a year
3 = About once a month
4 = Several times a month
5 = Several times a week
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Which of the following statements best describes how you read books (on any topic)?
1 = I rarely or never read books.
2 = I read books more often in paper format.
3 = I read books more often on digital devices (e.g. e-reader, tablet, smartphone, computer).
4 = I read books equally often in paper format and on digital devices.
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

About how much time do you usually spend reading for enjoyment?
1 = I do not read for enjoyment
2 = 30 minutes or less a day
3 = More than 30 minutes to less than 60 minutes a day
4 = 1 to 2 hours a day
5 = More than 2 hours a day
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How often involved in: Reading emails
1 = I don't know what it is
2 = Never or almost never
3 = Several times a month
4 = Several times a week
5 = Several times a day
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Usefulness for understanding and memorising text: I concentrate on the parts of the text that are easy to understand.
1 = Not useful at all(1)
2 = (2)
3 = (3)
4 = (4)
5 = (5)
6 = Very useful(6)
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How appropriate in reaction to this email: Answer the email and ask for more information about the smartphone
1 = Not appropriate at all(1)
2 = (2)
3 = (3)
4 = (4)
5 = (5)
6 = Very appropriate(6)
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Overall, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days?
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Thinking about your school: Trying hard at school will help me get a good job.
1 = Strongly agree
2 = Agree
3 = Disagree
4 = Strongly disagree
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

<ISCED level 1>
0 = Not checked
1 = Checked

Thinking about yourself and how you normally feel: how often do you feel as described below? Happy
1 = Never
2 = Rarely
3 = Sometimes
4 = Always
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

How true for you: My goal is to learn as much as possible.
1 = Not at all true of me
2 = Slightly true of me
3 = Moderately true of me
4 = Very true of me
5 = Extremely true of me
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How easy to perform on your own: Explain how carbon-dioxide emissions affect global climate change
1 = I couldn't do this
2 = I would struggle to do this on my own
3 = I could do this with a bit of effort
4 = I could do this easily
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

How informed are you about the following topics? Climate change and global warming
1 = I have never heard of this
2 = I have heard about this but I would not be able to explain what it is really about
3 = I know something about this and could explain the general issue
4 = I am familiar with this and I would be able to explain this well
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

How well does the following describe you: I try to look at everybody's side of a disagreement before I make a decision.
1 = Very much like me
2 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
4 = Not much like me
5 = Not at all like me
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How many languages [...] do you and your parents speak well enough to converse with others? You
1 = One
2 = Two
3 = Three
4 = Four or more
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

How many foreign languages do you learn at your school this school year?
99995 = Valid Skip
99997 = Not Applicable
99998 = Invalid
99999 = No Response

Teachers in your school: They have misconceptions about the history of some cultural groups.
1 = To none or almost none of them
2 = To some of them
3 = To most of them
4 = To all or almost all of them
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Think about your school, how true: Students seem to value competition.
1 = Not at all true
2 = Slightly true
3 = Very true
4 = Extremely true
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Typically required to attend: Number of <class periods> per week in <test language lessons>
995 = Valid Skip
997 = Not Applicable
998 = Invalid
999 = No Response

In the last two full weeks of school, how often: I <skipped> a whole school day.
1 = Never
2 = One or two times
3 = Three or four times
4 = Five or more times
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

During the past 12 months, how often: Other students left me out of things on purpose.
1 = Never or almost never
2 = A few times a year
3 = A few times a month
4 = Once a week or more
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

In how many languages do you regularly read?
1 = In one language
2 = In two different languages
3 = In more than two different languages
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Time spent using digital devices during classroom lessons in a typical school week: <Test language lessons>
1 = No time
2 = 1 - 30 minutes a week
3 = 31 - 60 minutes a week
4 = More than 60 minutes a week
5 = I do not study this subject
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Digital device used for learning or teaching during lessons within the last month: <Test language lessons>
1 = Yes, both the teacher and students used it
2 = Yes, but only students used it
3 = Yes, but only the teacher used it
4 = No
5 = I do not study this subject
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Use digital devices outside of school: Playing one-player games.
1 = Never or hardly ever
2 = Once or twice a month
3 = Once or twice a week
4 = Almost every day
5 = Every day
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Which of the following statements best describes how you read the news (e.g. politics, culture, sport, local news)?
1 = I do not follow the news at all.
2 = I only watch or listen to the news (e.g. radio, television, podcasts).
3 = I read the news more often on digital devices (e.g. tablet, smartphone, computer).
4 = I read the news more often on paper (e.g. newspapers, magazines).
5 = I read the news equally often in paper format and on digital devices.
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Did you change schools when you were attending <ISCED 1>?
1 = No, I attended all of ISCED 1 at the same school.
2 = Yes, I changed schools once.
3 = Yes, I changed schools twice or more.
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Did you change schools when you were attending <ISCED 2>?
1 = No, I attended all of ISCED 2 at the same school.
2 = Yes, I changed schools once.
3 = Yes, I changed schools twice or more.
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Find out about future study or types of work: I did an internship.
1 = Yes
2 = No, never
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

In the current school year, how often have you skipped ... biology lessons?
1 = Never
2 = Once or twice
3 = Three or four times
4 = Five times and more
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

In the current school year, how many days have you missed school because you were sick?
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response
96 = NA

I am good at resisting temptation.
1 = Not true at all
2 = Rather not true
3 = Moderately true
4 = Rather true
5 = Certainly true
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

When I am learning, I work as hard as possible.
1 = Hardly ever
2 = Sometimes
3 = Often
4 = Almost ever
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

At a normal school day, school starts at the following time of day: Hour
1 = 00
2 = 01
3 = 02
4 = 03
5 = 04
6 = 05
7 = 06
8 = 07
9 = 08
10 = 09
11 = 10
12 = 11
13 = 12
14 = 13
15 = 14
16 = 15
17 = 16
18 = 17
19 = 18
20 = 19
21 = 20
22 = 21
23 = 22
24 = 23
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

At a normal school day, school starts at the following time of day: Minutes
1 = 00
2 = 05
3 = 10
4 = 15
5 = 20
6 = 25
7 = 30
8 = 35
9 = 40
10 = 45
11 = 50
12 = 55
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

To my school I ususally get by...
1 = by means of a vehicle (e. g. car, bus, train, tram)
2 = not by a vehicle (e. g. walking, biking, skating)
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

From home to school, I usually need ... minutes.
1 = 0
2 = 5
3 = 10
4 = 15
5 = 20
6 = 25
7 = 30
8 = 35
9 = 40
10 = 45
11 = 50
12 = 55
13 = 60
14 = 65
15 = 70
16 = 75
17 = 80
18 = 85
19 = 90
20 = 95
21 = 100
22 = 105
23 = 110
24 = 115
25 = 120
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

On school days, I usually wake up at the following time. with or without alarm clock?
1 = with alarm clock
2 = without alarm clock
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Activities with your child, how often: Discuss how well my child is doing at school
1 = Never or hardly ever
2 = Once or twice a year
3 = Once or twice a month
4 = Once or twice a week
5 = Every day or almost every day
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

When child attended the first year of <ISCED 1>, how often: Read books
1 = Never or hardly ever
2 = Once or twice a month
3 = Once or twice a week
4 = Every day or almost every day
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

In what language did most of the activities in the previous question take place?
1 = test language
2 = Another language
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Thinking back to when your child was about 10 years old, how often would he or she read the following? Comic books
1 = Never or hardly ever
2 = Once or twice a month
3 = Once or twice a week
4 = Every day or almost everyday
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

<the last academic year>: Discussed my child's behaviour with a teacher on my own initiative.
1 = Yes
2 = No
3 = Not supported by school
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Which of the following statements best describes the schooling available to students in your location?
1 = There are two or more other schools in this area that compete with the school my child is currently attending.
2 = There is one other school in this area that competes with the school my child is currently attending.
3 = There are no other schools in this area that compete with the school my child is currently attending.
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Importance for choosing a school: The school is at a short distance to home.
1 = Not important
2 = Somewhat important
3 = Important
4 = Very important
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

How often are you involved in reading activities: Reading emails
1 = I don’t know what it is
2 = Never or almost never
3 = Several times a month
4 = Several times a week
5 = Several times a day
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How interested are you in the following issues? Political or social issues in your country
1 = Not interested at all
2 = Not very interested
3 = Somewhat interested
4 = Very interested
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

What was the most important reason why your child attended an [early childhood education and care arrangement]?
1 = Attendance was mandatory.
2 = We/I could not care for the child (e.g. work, illness).
3 = We/I wanted additional learning stimulation for the child (e.g. social, academic).
4 = Most other children attended an early childhood education and care arrangement .
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Hours per week child attended a <early childhood education and care arrangement> at the age of three years
1 = 0 hours per week
2 = Up to 10 hours per week
3 = 11-20 hours per week
4 = 21-30 hours per week
5 = 31-40 hours per week
6 = 41-50 hours per week
7 = 51 hours per week or more
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

In the last twelve months, about how much would you have paid to educational providers for services?
1 = Nichts
2 = 1 € oder mehr, aber weniger als 50 €
3 = 50 € oder mehr, aber weniger als 250 €
4 = 250 € oder mehr, aber weniger als 500 €
5 = 500 € oder mehr, aber weniger als 1 200 €
6 = 1 200 € oder mehr
99 = NA

What is your annual household income?
1 = Weniger als 20 000 €
2 = 20 000 € oder mehr, aber weniger als 30 000 €
3 = 30 000 € oder mehr, aber weniger als 40 000 €
4 = 40 000 € oder mehr,aber weniger als 50 000 €
5 = 50 000 € oder mehr, aber weniger als 60 000 €
6 = 60 000 € oder mehr
98 = NA
99 = NA

Is the mother working as an employee or is she self-employed?
1 = Employee (working for someone else)
2 = Self-employed (has her own business, is her own boss)
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

At her job, does the mother have any formal responsibility for supervising the work of other employees?
1 = 1-10 people
2 = More than 10 people
3 = No
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Is the father working as an employee or is he self-employed?
1 = Employee (working for someone else)
2 = Self-employed (has his own business, is his own boss)
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

My child’s academic achievement
1 = School
2 = Parents
3 = Both school and parents
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

How much effort did you put into this test?
0 = 0
1 = 1
2 = 2
3 = 3
4 = 4
5 = 5
6 = 6
7 = 7
8 = 8
9 = 9
10 = 10
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Grade compared to modal grade in country
9999995 = Valid Skip
9999997 = Not Applicable
9999998 = Invalid
9999999 = No Response

9996 = Not Reached
9997 = Not Applicable
9998 = Invalid
9999 = No Response

Unique national study programme code
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, pre-vocational-type program (other baccalaureate dipl
Argentina: Adults Primary Programme (3th and 4th year)
Czech Republic: Secondary special school, vocational education predominantly
Ukraine: Vocational - technical educational institution
Belgium: Special secondary education - lower secondary (training form 3 / first 3 years)
Germany: Lower secondary comprehensive, access to upper secondary; academic education
Brunei Darussalam: Senior School Upper Years (Year 10 to Year 11)
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Students studying mostly for AS or A Levels in Northern
Netherlands: Mixed 1-2, no tracking, preparing for VMBO or HAVO or VWO, determined at th
Hungary: Grammar school 3 (8 years long, grade 7-8)
Uruguay: Vocational upper secondary with a professional component.
Belgium: Special secondary education (training form 3) (Fr Com /Ger)
Brunei Darussalam: Lower and Upper Secondary (Year 7 to 11)
Portugal: Basic Schooling - Regular Curriculum - 3rd cycle
Bosnia and Herzegovina: lower secondary education
Italy: Artistic, Classical, Linguistic, Music and performing arts, Scientific, Social st
Baku (Azerbaijan) : Lower secondary education
Panama: Lower Secondary Education (regular modality) // regular subsystem of education
Belarus: Educational program of basic education (secondary lower)
Luxembourg: Preparatory courses within modular classes of the Preparatory Regime (lower
Romania: General education, leading to the continuation of studies (lower secondary educ
Russian Federation: Programme of basic general education (Lower secondary)
Morocco: Lower secondary school (preparatory)
Peru: Lower secondary education.Includes regular, alternately and distance program.
Ukraine: Secondary school / secondary boarding school / sanatorium school / school of so
Dominican Republic: First cycle of Secondary Education
Canada: Grades 7 - 9 (Quebec: Secondary 1 â€“ 3 )
Hong Kong (China): Lower Secondary in G & I Sch.
United Arab Emirates: Secondary education (lower)
Slovenia: Secondary general education - general and cassical gymnasiums
Australia: Lower secondary general academic
Macao (China): Grammar or International Program at Lower Secondary Levels
Belgium: (First year A of first stage of) secondary Education
B-S-J-Z (China): Secondary education (lower)
Switzerland: Secondary education, First stage
Germany: Lower secondary, some with access to upper secondary (special education)
Israel: Primary + Lower secondary education, grades 1-8
Brunei Darussalam: Lower Secondary Education
North Macedonia: Primary Education - eight years
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Students studying mostly toward GCSEs in England and Wal
Denmark: Primary and lower secondary (public school, private school)
Netherlands: practical preparation for labour market
United Kingdom (Scotland): Senior Phase and studying mainly towards qualifications at SC
Kazakhstan: Programm of basic secondary education (5-9 grades);
Republic of Moldova: Secondary Education (lower), cycle I
Montenegro: general upper secondary school
Cyprus: General Secondary Education - Gymnasium - Lower
Austria: Vocational school for apprentices
Argentina: Adults Lower Secondary Programme (1st, 2nd and 3rd year)
Belgium: Special secondary education - upper secondary (training form 3 / years 4 and 5)
Germany: Upper secondary comprehensive (after lower secondary with different tracks taug
Brunei Darussalam: Senior School Upper Years (Year 12 to Year 13)
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Studying towards int'l qualifications, eg. Int'l or Euro
Hungary: Grammar school 3 (8 years long, grade 9-12)
Uruguay: Vocational upper secondary (Proficiency baccalaureate)
Belgium: First, second & third degrees of Special secondary education ( form 4) (Fr Com
Germany: Upper secondary (vocational), qualifying for subject-specific tertiary educatio
Bulgaria: Secondary education - general non-profiled (upper)
Portugal: Basic Schooling - Specialized Arts Curriculum - 3rd cycle
Austria: New Secondary school/Lower Secondary school
Bosnia and Herzegovina: general upper secondary school
Colombia: Secondary education (upper), academic
Baku (Azerbaijan) : Upper secondary education
Croatia: Four year or five year vocational programmes
Panama: Lower Secondary Education (multigrade modality) // regular subsystem of educatio
Belarus: Educational program of secondary education (upper)
Lebanon: Secondary Professional education( lower), B.P.1=8 and B.P.2=9)
Argentina: General Programme - Lower Secondary (1st, 2nd and 3rd year)
Luxembourg: Lower technical secondary education
Romania: High School (upper secondary education)
Chile: First cycle of upper Secondary general education
Iceland: StÃºdentsprÃ³f. Matriculation examination certificate (granting access to unive
Sweden: Upper secondary school, general orientation
Saudi Arabia: secondary education with direct access to tertiary education
Japan: College of Technology (First 3 years)
Czech Republic: 6, 8-year gymnasium and 8-year conservatory (lower secondary)
Slovak Republic: Vocational Basic school
Russian Federation: Programme of secondary general education (Upper secondary)
Morocco: Upper secondary school (Qualifying)-Original Education
Peru: Upper secondary education.Includes regular, alternately and distance program.
Ukraine: School/ boarding school with extensive learning of some subjects (specialized
Dominican Republic: Second cycle of Secondary Education
Canada: Grades 10 - 12 (Quebec: Secondary 4 and 5, Newfoundland and Labrador: Level I -
Hong Kong (China): Upper Secondary in G & I Sch.
United Arab Emirates: Secondary Education (upper)
Slovenia: Secondary general education - technical gymnasiums
Australia: Lower secondary with some VET subjects
Finland: Comprehensive secondary school, additional education
Macao (China): Grammar or International Program at Higher Secondary Levels
Belgium: (First year B of first stage of secondary Education) â€“ Remedial/Prevocationa
B-S-J-Z (China): Secondary education (upper)
Switzerland: Preparatory course for vocational education
Germany: Lower secondary, some with access to upper secondary; basic general education
Israel: Primary + Lower secondary education, grades 1-9
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary General 4 Years
North Macedonia: Primary Education - nine years
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Students studying mostly for AS or A Levels in England a
Netherlands: general vocational oriented; in next year tracks into BB, KB, GL, TL
Hungary: Language Preparatory 7th grade(7Ny grade)
Chinese Taipei: regular senior secondary schools
Uruguay: Lower Secondary with a technological component
Norway: Academic programme, Upper secondary
Costa Rica: Secondary education (upper) academic
Kazakhstan: Program of general secondary education (10-11 grades of general secondary sc
Republic of Moldova: Secondary Education (upper), cycle II
Montenegro: lower secondary or 3rd cycle of compulsory basic education
Cyprus: General Secondary Education - Gymnasium - Upper
Austria: Intermediate technical and vocational school (3 and 4 years)
Panama: Lower Secondary Education // no-regular subsystem of education for Youth and Adu
Argentina: Adults Upper Secondary Programme (4th, 5th and 6th year)
Belgium: 1st or 2d year of general education (=First degree of general education (Fr/Ger
Germany: Lower secondary, expectedly no access to upper; basic general education
Brunei Darussalam: Lower Secondary Tahfiz Al-Quran
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Students studying mostly towards level 1 vocational qual
Hungary: Grammar school 3 after Language Preparatory (8 years long, grade 7-8)
Uruguay: Technical upper secondary (Beauty or Textil and Clothing)
Bulgaria: Secondary education - general profiled (upper)
Greece: Technical-Vocational Schools Upper secondary education
Korea: Upper Secondary Vocational Education
Portugal: Basic Schooling - pre-vocational, 3rd cycle
Austria: Pre-vocational school (grade 7-8)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 3-year vocational secondary school
Colombia: Secondary education (upper), technic
Malta: General Upper-secondary, post-compulsory level
Italy: Vocational Institute, Art Institute (Industry and Craft Workers)
Baku (Azerbaijan) : Post-secondary non-tertiary education
Panama: Lower Secondary Education (tele-education modality) // regular subsystem of educ
Belarus: Educational program of technical and vocational education
Argentina: General Programme - Upper Secondary (4th, 5th and 6th year)
Luxembourg: Lower general secondary education
Romania: Vocational programmes with a duration of three years (leading to qualification
Chile: Second cycle of upper secondary education, academic orientation
Sweden: Upper secondary school, vocational orientation
Saudi Arabia: technical education with direct access to tertiary education
Japan: Upper secondary school (Vocational)
Turkey: Vocational and Technical Secondary Education
Czech Republic: 6, 8-year gymnasium (upper secondary)
Slovak Republic: Secondary school (ISCED 2)
Estonia: Vocational upper secondary education
Russian Federation: Programme of secondary professional education (technikum, colledge,
Morocco: Upper secondary school (Qualifying)-Arts and humanities
Peru: Alternative Basic Education-Advanced cycle. Includes Adults secondary program.
Dominican Republic: Secondary education Professional Modality
Thailand: Vocational Certificate level (Cert. of VOC.)
Mexico: General Lower Secondary by Television
United Arab Emirates: Secondary education (technical -lower)
Australia: Upper secondary general academic
Macao (China): Technical or Prevocational Program at Higher Secondary Levels
Belgium: Second year of first stage - preparing for vocational upper secundary education
B-S-J-Z (China): Vocational Junior Secondary Schools
Switzerland: School preparing for the university entrance certificate
Brazil: Vocational upper secondary education- 3 years long
Germany: Lower secondary, access to upper secondary; extensive general education
Israel: Lower secondary education, grades 7-9
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary General 5 Years
North Macedonia: Secondary Education - Gymnasium/General
Albania: Secondary education, vocational variant
Denmark: Education at a production school
Netherlands: Admission to ISCED 3 = MBO level 1-3, post secondary, non tertiary
United Kingdom (Scotland): Senior Phase & studying towards Nat'l Progression Award or Na
Hungary: Language Preparatory 9th grade (9Ny grade)
Chinese Taipei: skill-based senior secondary schools
Uruguay: Lower Secondary with a technological component in rural schools
Georgia: vocational institution 1-3 levels
Norway: Vovactional programme, Upper secondary
Costa Rica: Secondary education (upper) technical
Kazakhstan: Programme of technical and vocational education (specialized school, college
Republic of Moldova: Profesional Technical Secondary Education
Montenegro: 3-year vocational secondary school
Cyprus: General Secondary Education - Lyceum
Austria: Intermediate technical and vocational school (1 and 2 years)
Argentina: Adults Lower Secondary Programme (1st and 2nd year)
Belgium: 1st or 2d year of remedial education
Germany: Lower secondary, expectedly access to upper; extensive general education
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary Tahfiz Al-Quran 5 Years Arabic
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Students studying mostly towards level 2 vocational qual
Hungary: Grammar school 3 after Language Preparatory (8 years long, grade 9-12)
Bulgaria: Secondary education - vocational (upper)
Portugal: Secondary Education - Scientific-Humanistic studies
Austria: Pre-vocational school (grade 9)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 4-year vocational secondary school
Baku (Azerbaijan) : Short-cycle tertiary education
Croatia: Vocational programmes for industry
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, academic-oriented program (regular track, grades 10-
Belarus: Educational program of secondary special education (professional training)
Lebanon: Secondary Technical Education (upper), BT1= 10 and BT2=11 and BT3=12
Argentina: Vocational Programme - Lower Secondary (1st, 2nd and 3rd year)
Luxembourg: Vocational regime: a 3-year vocational education
Chile: Second cycle of upper Secondary education, technical orientation
Sweden: Upper secondary school, introduction programmes, vocational orientation
Japan: Secondary school (Upper division)
Slovak Republic: Secondary school (ISCED 3)
Morocco: Upper secondary school (Qualifying)-Science
Peru: Technical Productive Education-Middle cycle
Ukraine: Secondary school with extensive learning of philosophy, languages or culture an
Dominican Republic: Secondary education Arts Modality
Spain: Intermediate Level Vocational Training
Mexico: General Baccalaureate or Upper Secondary: annual plan
United Arab Emirates: Secondary education (technical -upper)
Slovenia: Vocational education programmes of medium duration - school type and dual type
Australia: Upper secondary with some VET subjects
Finland: Upper secodary vocational school
Belgium: Second year of first stage - Preparing for all streams in mainstream upper seco
B-S-J-Z (China): Secondary Vocational Schools, 5-years vocational schools
Switzerland: Vocational baccalaureat, dual system 3-4 years
Brazil: Vocational upper secondary education- 4 years long
Germany: Lower secondary, access to upper secondary; academic education (exclusively stu
Israel: Upper secondary education, grades 10-12
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary Applied
North Macedonia: Secondary Education - Vocational - four years
Denmark: Upper secondary education (general, commercial, technical)
Netherlands: admission to ISCED 3 = MBO level 1-3
United Kingdom (Scotland): Senior Phase and studying towards Nat'l Progression Award or
Hungary: Grammar school 1 (4 years long)
Chinese Taipei: comprehensive senior secondary schools (general courses)
Uruguay: Lower secondary in Rural Primary Schools
Georgia: vocational institution 4-5 levels
Republic of Moldova: Post-Secondary Profesional Technical Education (lower)
Montenegro: 4-year vocational secondary school
Austria: Intermediate technical and vocational school (agricultural 1 year)
Argentina: Adults Upper Secondary Programme (3th, 4th and 5th year)
Belgium: 1 year to help students who after 3 years in Isced 2 did not reach the required
Germany: Lower secondary, no access to upper; basic general education (students of diffe
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary Tahfiz Al-Quran 5 Years Science
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Students studying mostly towards level 3 vocational qual
Portugal: Secondary Education - Professional
Austria: Special education school (lower secondary)
Malta: Vocational Upper-secondary, post-compulsory level - Level 1
Italy: Vocational training; Vocational Schools of Bolzano and Trento Provinces
Croatia: Vocational programmes for crafts
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, academic-oriented program (special track, grades 10-
Lebanon: Secondary Professional education( upper), LP1=10, LP2=11, LP3=12
Argentina: Vocational programme - Upper Secondary (4th, 5th, 6th and 7th year)
Luxembourg: Technician's regime: a 4-year technical education
Sweden: Upper secondary school, introduction programmes
Czech Republic: Voc/tech secondary school with maturate
Morocco: Upper secondary school (Qualifying)-Technology
Dominican Republic: Basic Adult Education
Mexico: General Baccalaureate or Upper Secondary: semester plan
Slovenia: Vocational education programmes of short duration
Finland: Double or triple examination, upper secondary school
Belgium: Second & third stage general secondary education
Switzerland: Vocational education, dual system 3-4 years
Germany: Upper secondary (exclusively students of the same track [cf. key 4])
Israel: 4 years Higher education, grades 9-12
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary Special Applied
North Macedonia: Secondary Education - Artistic
Albania: Secondary education for adults(upper)
Netherlands: admission to ISCED 3 = MBO tertiary level, preparing for upper secondary HA
United Kingdom (Scotland): Broad general education and studying directly for some qualif
Hungary: Grammar school 1 after Language Preparatory (4 years long)
Chinese Taipei: comprehensive senior secondary schools (regular courses)
Uruguay: Lower Secondary with a very important technological component
Republic of Moldova: Post-Secondary Profesional Technical Education (upper)
Austria: Higher technical and vocational college (grade 9-11)
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, academic-oriented program // no-regular subsystem o
Argentina: Pre-vocational programme for Adults
Belgium: 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th year of general education (=Second & third degrees of general
Germany: Lower secondary, access to upper; extensive general education (students of diff
Brunei Darussalam: Lower Secondary Arabic Education
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Studying mostly toward Entry Level certificates and qual
Hungary: Vocational secondary school after Language Preparatory
Portugal: Secondary Education - Specialized Arts Curriculum
Austria: Special eduction school (upper secondary)
Malta: Vocational Upper-secondary, post-compulsory level - Levels 2 and 3
Croatia: Lower qualification vocational programmes
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, normal school variant // regular subsystem of educat
Argentina: General Programme - Lower Secondary (1st and 2nd year)
Luxembourg: Technical regime: a 4 to 5-year technical, commercial or social education
Czech Republic: Conservatory (upper secondary)
Slovak Republic: Secondary College - branch/class with a school leaving examination
Morocco: Upper secondary school (Qualifying)-Vocational Baccalaureate
Dominican Republic: Secondary Adult Education: first grade
Mexico: General Baccalaureate or Upper Secondary: 2 years plan
Belgium: Second & third stage technical secondary education
Germany: Lower secondary comprehensive, achievement-based access to upper secondary (wit
Israel: 6 years Higher education, grades 7-9
Brunei Darussalam: Lower Secondary Specialised
North Macedonia: Secondary education - Technical - two years
Latvia: General secondary education minority
Netherlands: Lower secondary grades of HAVO, preparing for upper secondary HAVO or MBO
United Kingdom (Scotland): Broad general ed./not studying directly for any of these qual
Hungary: Grammar school 2 (6 years long, grade 7-8)
Chinese Taipei: comprehensive senior secondary schools (skill-based courses)
Austria: Higher technical and vocational college (grade 12-13)
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, academic-oriented program (tele-education modality)
Belgium: 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th year of technical or artistical education (transition)
Germany: Lower secondary with access to upper (Waldorf school)
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary Arabic Education 4 Years Science
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Students below Year 11 in Northern Ireland
Portugal: Secondary Education - Vocational
Austria: Academic secondary school lower level
Croatia: Primary school - lower secondary education
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, vocational-type program (vocational diploma, middle-l
Argentina: General Programme - Upper Secondary (3th, 4th and 5th year)
Luxembourg: Upper general secondary education
Czech Republic: Voc/tech secondary school without maturate
Slovak Republic: Secondary College - branch/class without a school leaving examination
Morocco: Students join vocational training center after grade 6 for only 1 year
Ukraine: Secondary boarding school with extensive learning of some subjects (middle scho
Dominican Republic: Secondary Adult Education: second to forth grade
Mexico: Technical Baccalaureate or Technical from Upper Secondary
Belgium: Second & third stage artistic secondary education
Switzerland: Basic vocational education (2 years)
Israel: 6 years Higher education, grades 10-12
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary Specialised
North Macedonia: Secondary education - Technical - three years
Netherlands: Upper secondary grades of HAVO, preparing for HBO (higher vocational educat
Hungary: Grammar school 2 (6 years long, grade 9-12)
Chinese Taipei: Five-year junior colleges (not including the last two years)
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, comprehensive program (tecno-edÃºcame modality)
Belgium: 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th year of technical or artistical education (qualification)
Germany: Upper secondary (Waldorf school [cf. key 16])
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary Arabic Education 5 Years Science
Austria: Academic secondary school upper level
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, vocational-type program (industrial trades diploma)
Argentina: Vocational Programme - Lower Secondary (1st and 2nd year)
Luxembourg: Lower secondary (private and/or international) schools which do not follow t
Czech Republic: Basic special/practical school
Morocco: Students join Vocational qualification training for 1 year after grade 9
Ukraine: College (Higher educational institution I - II degree)
Belgium: Second & third stage vocational secondary education
Germany: Lower secondary comprehensive, no access to upper; basic general education (dif
Brunei Darussalam: Post Secondary Education
North Macedonia: Secondary education - Technical - five years
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Students below Year 10 in England and Wales
Netherlands: Lower secondary grades of VWO, preparing for upper secondary VWO
Hungary: Grammar school 2 after Language Preparatory (6 years long, grade 7-8)
Panama: Upper Secondary Education, pre-vocational-type program (industrial trades bacca
Belgium: 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th year of vocational education (= Second & third degrees of voc
Germany: Pre-vocational training year upper secondary level
Brunei Darussalam: Upper Secondary Arabic Education 5 Years Arabic
Argentina: Vocational programme - Upper Secondary (3th, 4th , 5th and 6th year)
Luxembourg: Middle & upper secondary (private and/or int'l) schools which don't follow t
Ukraine: Technical School (Higher educational institution I - II degree)
Belgium: Part-time vocational secondary education focused on the labour market
Germany: Lower secondary comprehensive, access to upper; extensive general education
Brunei Darussalam: Senior School Middle Years (Year 7 to Year 9)
United Kingdom (excl.Scotland): Students studying mostly toward GCSEs in Northern Irelan
Netherlands: Upper secondary grades of VWO, preparing for university
Hungary: Grammar school 2 after Language Preparatory (6 years long, grade 9-12)
Uruguay: Technical upper secondary (Artistic Baccalaureate)
Belgium: Vocational training focused on the labour market (Fr /Ger)
Germany: Vocational school upper secondary level
Brunei Darussalam: Post Secondary Arabic Education

Country of Birth National Categories- Self
One of the other former Yugoslav republics (HRV)
African country with Portuguese as the official language
Another State of the Gulf Cooperation Council (ARE)
In other CIS countries (except Kazakhstan) (KAZ)
Former Yugoslavia (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slo
Another country within the European Union (ITA)
One of the other former Yugoslav republics (SRB)
A Sub-Saharan country (Africa excl. Maghreb)
Another province in mainland China (QCH)
Other country in Western Europe (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden)
Other Country outside Latin America (CHL)
Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan (Chinese Taipei)
Other country in Eastern Europe (e.g. Bulgaria, Romania, Russia)
Province or municipality in which test is being taken (China)
Other country in Asia (e.g. Afghanistan, China, India)
A European country that is not a member of the European Union
Other country in Africa (e.g. Eritrea, Ghana, Somalia)
An Eastern European country outside the EU
Other country in Latin America (e.g. Argentina, Brazil, Mexico)
Another country within the European Union (MLT)

Language at home (3-digit code)
327 = Ethnic minority languages (eg: Tay language, Nung language, Hmong language) (VNM)
602 = Minority languages Bulgarian dialects (BGR)
622 = Serbian of a yekavian variant or Montenegrin
627 = Other National dialects or languages (ROU)
639 = Other former Yugoslavian languages (SVN)
666 = Dialect from Ticino or an Italian Region
892 = Other languages spoken in Argentina (quechua, guaran, mapuche)
896 = Another language officially accepted in Italy (Ladino in Alto Adige and French in Val d'Aosta)

ISCED level
1 = ISCED level 1
2 = ISCED level 2
3 = ISCED level 3
4 = ISCED level 4
5 = ISCED level 5
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

ISCED designation
1 = A
2 = B
3 = C
4 = M
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

ISCED orientation
1 = General
2 = Pre-Vocational
3 = Vocational
4 = Modular
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Mother’s Education (ISCED)
0 = None
1 = ISCED 1
2 = ISCED 2
3 = ISCED 3B, C
4 = ISCED 3A, ISCED 4
5 = ISCED 5B
6 = ISCED 5A, 6
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Language spoken with their mother for students who do not speak the test language at home
1 = Mostly their heritage language
2 = About equally often their heritage language and test language
3 = Mostly test language
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Index Immigration status
1 = Native
2 = Second-Generation
3 = First-Generation
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Duration in early childhood education and care
0 = Attended ECEC for less than a year
1 = Attended ECEC for at least one but less than two years
2 = Attended ECEC for at least two but less than three years
3 = Attended ECEC for at least three but less than four years
4 = Attended ECEC for at least four but less than five years
5 = Attended ECEC for at least five but less than six years
6 = Attended ECEC for at least six but less than seven years
7 = Attended ECEC for at least seven but less than eight years
8 = Attended ECEC for at least eight years
95 = Valid Skip
97 = Not Applicable
98 = Invalid
99 = No Response

Grade Repetition
0 = Did not repeat a grade
1 = Repeated a grade
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

Learning time (minutes per week) - <Mathematics>
99999996 = Not Reached
99999997 = Not Applicable
99999998 = Invalid
99999999 = No Response

Number of school changes
0 = no change
1 = one change
2 = two or more changes
5 = Valid Skip
7 = Not Applicable
8 = Invalid
9 = No Response

REP_BWGT: RANDOMLY ASSIGNED UNIT NUMBER
1 = final variance unit 1
2 = final variance unit 2
3 = final variance unit 3